Publications
Bison alter the northern Yellowstone ecosystem by breaking aspen saplings. Ecology and Evolution. 13(8):e10369.
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2023. Glimmers of hope in large carnivore recoveries. Scientific Reports. 12:10005.
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2022. The history of cougars in Yellowstone National Park. Western North American Naturalist. 82(4):752–759.
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2022. A novel trophic cascade between cougars and feral donkeys shapes desert wetlands. Journal of Animal Ecology.
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2022. .
2022. Small mammal relative abundance within riparian ecosystems of the Blue Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management. 505
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2022. The carbon opportunity cost of animal-sourced food production on land. Nature Sustainability. 4:21-24.
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2021. A forest loss report card for the world’s protected areas. Nat Ecol Evol.
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2021. Guiding principles for rewilding. Conservation Biology.
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2021. Monitoring the dead as an ecosystem indicator. Ecology and Evolution. 11(11):5844-5856.
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2021. Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future. Front. Conserv. Sci.
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2021. Bison limit ecosystem recovery in northern Yellowstone. Food Webs. 23(e00142)
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2020. Carbon sequestration and biodiversity co-benefits of preserving forests in the western United States. Ecological Applications. 30(2):e02039.
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2020. Community Ecology and Conservation of Bear-Salmon Ecosystems. Front. Ecol. Evol.
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2020. Global reforestation and biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology. 34(5):1221-1228.
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2020. Grey wolf (Canis lupus) predation on livestock in relation to prey availability. Biological Conservation. 243(108433)
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2020. The impact of thermal seasonality on terrestrial endotherm food web dynamics: a revision of the Exploitation Ecosystem Hypothesis. Ecography. 43(12):1859-1877.
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2020. Large carnivore extirpation linked to loss of overstory aspen in Yellowstone. Food Webs. :e00140.
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2020. Scientists’ warning on endangered food webs. Web Ecology. 20:1-10.
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2020. Simultaneously operating threats cannot predict extinction risk. Conservation Letters. e12758
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2020. Skeletal and Dental Development Preserve Evidence of Energetic Stress in the Moose of Isle Royale. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.
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2020. Tall willow thickets return to northern Yellowstone. Ecosphere. 11(5):e03115.
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2020. World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency. BioScience. 70(1):8–12.
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2020. Are we eating the world's megafauna to extinction? Conservation Letters. :e12627.
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2019. Can large carnivores change streams via a trophic cascade? Ecohydrology. 12(1):e2048.
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2019. Eating plants and planting forests for the climate. Global Change Biology. 25(12):3995-3995.
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2019. Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals. Science. 366:1236–1239.
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2019. Grasshopper consumption by grey wolves and implications for ecosystems. Ecology. :e02892.
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2019. Habitat use of sympatric prey suggests divergent anti‑predator responses to recolonizing gray wolves. Oecologia.
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2019. Large carnivores under assault in Alaska. PLoS Biol. 17(1):e3000090.
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2019. Scientists call for renewed Paris pledges to transform agriculture. The Lancet Planetary Health.
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2019. Solve the biodiversity crisis with funding. Science. 365(6459):1256.
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2019. Yellowstone’s Prehistoric Bison: A Comment on Keigley (2019). Rangelands. 41(3):149-151.
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2019. Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration. Ecosphere. 9(8):e02376.
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2018. Both the largest and smallest vertebrates have elevated extinction risk. PNAS. 115(26):E5847-E5848.
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2018. Carnivore conservation needs evidence based livestock protection. PLoS Biol. 16(9):e2005577.
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2018. The elephant (head) in the room: A critical look at trophy hunting. Conservation Letters. :e12565.
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2018. Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates. Can. J. Zool.. 96:760–768.
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2018. Introduced megafauna are rewilding the Anthropocene. Ecography. 41(6):857-866.
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2018. Invisible megafauna. Conservation Biology.
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2018. Large species within carnivora are large carnivores. Royal Society Open Science. 5:181228.
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2018. Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock. Conservation Biology. 32(1):26-34.
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2018. Nature Divided, Scientists United: US–Mexico Border Wall Threatens Biodiversity and Binational Conservation. Bioscience.
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2018. The paradoxical extinction of the most charismatic animals. PLoS Biol. 16(4):e2003997.
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2018. The Role of Scientists’ Warning in Shifting Policy from Growth to Conservation Economy. Bioscience. 68(4):239-240.
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2018. Saving the World with Satire: A Response to Chapron et al.. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 33(7):483-484.
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2018. Threats to biodiversity from cumulative human impacts in one of North America's last wildlife frontiers. Conservation Biology. 32(3):672-684.
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2018. Trophic cascades at multiple spatial scales shape recovery of young aspen in Yellowstone. Forest Ecology and Management. 413:62-69.
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2018. The wildlife snaring crisis: an insidious and pervasive threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Biodivers Conserv. 27:1031–1037.
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2018. Wolf-triggered trophic cascades and stream channel dynamics in Olympic National Park: a comment on East et al.. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms.
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2018. Conserving the World's Megafauna and Biodiversity: The Fierce Urgency of Now. Bioscience. 67(3):197-200.
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2017. Extinction risk is most acute for the world’s largest and smallest vertebrates. PNAS. 114(40):10678–10683.
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2017. Global forest loss disproportionately erodes biodiversity in intact landscapes. Nature. 547:441–444.
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2017. Infectious Agents Trigger Trophic Cascades. Trends in Ecology & Evolution.
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2017. Large-scale responses of herbivore prey to canid predators and primary productivity. Global Ecol Biogeogr.
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2017. Neocolonial Conservation: Is Moving Rhinos to Australia Conservation or Intellectual Property Loss. Conservation Letters.
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2017. A New Dog. BioScience. 67(4):374-381.
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2017. Range contractions of the world’s large carnivores. R. Soc. open sci.. 4(170052)
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2017. Reducing the environmental impact of global diets. Science of the Total Environment. 610-611:1207–1209.
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2017. Relative efforts of countries to conserve world’s megafauna. Global Ecology and Conservation. 10:243–252.
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2017. Top predators constrain mesopredator distributions. Nature Communications. 8(15469)
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2017. Wildlife-snaring crisis in Asian forests. Science. 355(6322):255-256.
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2017. Bushmeat hunting and extinction risk to the world's mammals. The Royal Society Open Science.
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2016. Does Trophy Hunting Support Biodiversity? A Response to Di Minin et al. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 31(7):495-496.
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2016. Food habits of the world's grey wolves. Mammal Review. 46:255-269.
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2016. Hypercarnivorous apex predator could provide ecosystem services by dispersing seeds. Scientific Reports. 6
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2016. Long-term aspen dynamics, trophic cascades, and climate in northern Yellowstone National Park. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 46:548-556.
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2016. A poor international standard for trap selectivity threatens carnivore conservation. Biodivers Conserv.
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2016. Potential trophic cascades triggered by the barred owl range expansion. The Wildlife Society Bulletin. 40(4):615-624.
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2016. Prey depletion as a threat to the world's large carnivores. Royal Society Open Science.
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2016. Rhino poaching may cause atypical trophic cascades. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment. 14:65-67.
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2016. Riparian vegetation recovery in Yellowstone: The first two decades after wolf reintroduction. Biological Conservation. 198:93-103.
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2016. Saving the World's Terrestrial Megafauna. BioScience. 66(10):807-812.
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2016. Shrub encroachment is linked to extirpation of an apex predator. Journal of Animal Ecology. 86(1):147-157.
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2016. What is a Trophic Cascade? Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 31(11):824-849.
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2016. Biodiversity conservation: The key is reducing meat consumption. Science of the Total Environment. 536:419-431.
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2015. Carnivore coexistence: Trophic cascades. Science. 347:383-383.
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2015. Collapse of the world's largest herbivores. Science Advances. 1(4)
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2015. Divergent patterns of riparian cottonwood recovery after the return of wolves in Yellowstone, USA. Ecohydrology. 8:58-66.
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2015. Effects of predation risk on elk (Cervus elaphus) landscape use in a wolf (Canis lupus) dominated system. Can. J. Zool.. 93:99-111.
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2015. The impact of large terrestrial carnivores on Pleistocene ecosystems. PNAS. 113(4):862-867.
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2015. Novel trophic cascades: apex predators enable coexistence. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 30:146-153.
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2015. Recovering aspen follow changing elk dynamics in Yellowstone: evidence of a trophic cascade? Ecology. 96(1):252-263.
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2015. Resolving the value of the dingo in ecological restoration. Restoration Ecology. 23(3):201-208.
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2015. Restoration of Riparian Areas Following the Removal of Cattle in the Northwestern Great Basin. Environmental Management. 55(4):930–942.
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2015. Transformational change: creating a safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society. 20(1)
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2015. Trophic cascades from wolves to alders in Yellowstone. Forest Ecology and Management. 354:254-260.
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2015. What is an apex predator? Oikos. 124(11):1453-1461.
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2015. When shooting a coyote kills a wolf: Mistaken identity or misguided management? Biodivers Conserv. 24(12)
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2015. Wolves trigger a trophic cascade to berries as alternative food for grizzly bears. Journal of Animal Ecology. 84:652-654.
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2015. After long-term decline, are aspen recovering in northern Yellowstone? Forest Ecology and Management. 329:108-117.
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2014. Commentary: Ruminants, climate change and climate policy. Nature Climate Change. 4:2-5.
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2014. Context dependence of elk (Cervus elaphus) vigilance and wolf (Canis lupus) predation risk. Can. J. Zool. 92:727-736.
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2014. A continental scale trophic cascade from wolves through coyotes to foxes. Journal of Animal Ecology.
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2014. The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 24(1):1-11.
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2014. Status and Ecological Effects of the World's Largest Carnivores. Science. 343(6167)
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2014. Towards a cohesive, holistic view of top predation: a definition, synthesis and perspective. Oikos Journal. 123:1234-1243.
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2014. Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade - Comment Ecology. 94(6):1420-1425.
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2013. Hunting for fear: innovating management of human-wildlife conflicts. Journal of Applied Ecology. 50(3):544-549.
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2013. The Roles of Large Top Predators in Coastal Ecosystems: New Insights from Long Term Ecological Research. Oceanography. 26(3):156-167.
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2013. Trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears in Yellowstone. Journal of Animal Ecology. 83(1):223-233.
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2013. Widespread mesopredator effects after wolf extirpation. Biological Conservation. 160:70-79.
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2013. Berry-producing shrub characteristics following wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park. Forest Ecology and Management. 276:132-138.
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2012. Effects of bison on willow and cottonwood in northern Yellowstone National Park. Forest Ecology and Management. 264:150-158.
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2012. Large predators limit herbivore densities in northern forest ecosystems. Eur J Wildl Res. 58(4)
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2012. The role of large predators in maintaining riparian plant communities and river morphology. Geomorphology. 157-158:88-98.
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2012. Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction. Biological Conservation. 145:205-213.
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2012. Trophic cascades linking wolves (Canis lupus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and small mammals. Can. J. Zool.. 90:70-78.
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2012. Can Restoring Wolves Aid in Lynx Recovery? Wildlife Society Bulletin. 35(4):514-518.
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2011. A comparison of shark and wolf research reveals similar behavioral responses by prey. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9(6):335-341.
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2011. Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth. Science. 333:301-306.
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2011. The Landscape of Fear: Ecological Implications of Being Afraid. The Open Ecology Journal. 3:1-7.
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2010. Large Predators, Deer, and Trophic Cascades in Boreal and Temperate Ecosystems. Trophic Cascades: Predators, Prey, and the Changing Dynamics of Nature, edited by J. Terborgh and J. Estes.. :141-161.
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2010. Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions. BioScience. 60(7):516-526.
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2010. Mexican wolves, elk, and aspen in Arizona: Is there a trophic cascade? Forest Ecology and Management. 260:915-922.
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2010. Recovering Riparian Plant Communities with Wolves in Northern Yellowstone, USA. Restoration Ecology. 18(3):380-389.
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2010. Wolves, Elk, Bison, and Secondary Trophic Cascades in Yellowstone National Park. The Open Ecology Journal. 3:31-37.
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2010. Large predators and trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems of the western United States. Biological Conservation. 142:2401-2414.
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2009. Restoring landscapes of fear with wolves in the Scottish Highlands. Biological Conservation.
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2009. The Rise of the Mesopredator. Bioscience. 59(9):779-791.
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2009. Fine-scale predation risk on elk after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park, USA.. Oecologia/Springer-Verlag. 155:869–877.
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2008. Linkages between wolf presence and aspen recruitment in the Gallatin elk winter range of southwestern Montana, USA.. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research. 81(2):195-207.
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2008. Recoupling fire and aspen recruitment after wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 256:1004-1008.
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2008. Trophic cascades involving cougar, mule deer, and black oaks in Yosemite National Park. Biological Conservation. 141(5):1249-1256.
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2008. Wolves, trophic cascades, and rivers in the Olympic National Park, USA. Ecohydrology. 1:118-130.
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2008. Aspen patch and migratory bird relationships in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem.. Landscape Ecology. 22(9):1411–1425.
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2007. Aspen snag dynamics, cavity-nesting birds, and trophic cascades in Yellowstone's northern range.. Forestry Ecology and Management. 255:1095-1103.
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2007. Evidence of a Trophic Cascade among Wolves, Elk, and Aspen in Yellowstone National Park, USA.. Dissertation
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2007. Hardwood tree decline following large carnivore loss on the Great Plains, USA.. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment. 5(5):241-246.
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2007. Increased Willow Heights along northern Yellowstone's Blacktail Deer Creek following wolf reintroduction.. Western North American Naturalist. 67(4):613-617.
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2007. Restoring Yellowstone's aspen with wolves.. Biological Conservation. 138:514-519.
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2007. Wolves, elk, and aspen in the winter range of Jasper National Park, Canada.. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 37:1873-1885.
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2007. Linking a cougar decline, trophic cascade, and catastrophic regime shift in Zion National Park.. Biological Conservation. 133:397-408.
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2006. Linking wolves to willows via risk-sensitive foraging by ungulates in the northern Yellowstone ecosystem.. Forest Ecology and Management. 230(1-3):96-106.
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2006. Modeling Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Habitat in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.. Journal of Conservation Planning. 2:17-33.
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2006. .
2006. River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park,USA.. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 31:1525-1539.
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2006. Aspen Stand Conditions on Elk Winter Ranges in the Northern Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA.. Natural Areas Journal. 25(4):326-338.
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2005. Linking Wolves and Plants: Aldo Leopold on Trophic Cascades.. BioScience. 55(7):613-621.
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2005. Rapid Assessment of Riparian Cottonwood Recruitment: Middle Fork John Day River, Northeastern Oregon.. Ecological Restoration. 23(3):150-156.
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2005. Reduced Cottonwood Recruitment Following Extirpation of Wolves in Yellowstone's Northern Range.. Ecology. 86(2):391-403.
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2005. Refugia from browsing as reference sites for restoration planning.. Western North American Naturalist. 65(2):269-273.
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2005. Willow thickets protect young aspen from elk browsing after wolf reintroduction.. Western North American Naturalist. 65(1):118-122.
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2005. Range Contractions of North American Carnivores and Ungulates.. BioScience. 54(2):123-138.
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2004. Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems? BioScience. 54(8):755-766.
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2004. Wolves, elk, willows, and trophic cascades in the upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA.. Forest Ecology and Management. 200:161-181.
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2004. Aspen age structure in the northern Yellowstone Ecosystem:USA.. Forest Ecology and Management. 179:469-482.
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2003. Cottonwoods, elk, and wolves in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park.. Ecological Applications. 13(5):1295-1309.
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2003. Wildlife Encounters by Lewis and Clark: A Spatial Analysis of Interactions between Native Americans and Wildlife.. BioScience. 53(10):994-1003.
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2003. Wolf reintroduction, predation risk, and cottonwood recovery in Yellowstone National Park.. Forest Ecology and Management. 184:299-313.
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2003. Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone's Northern Range.. The National Acadamy of Science.
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2002. The Role of Postfire Coarse Woody Debris in Aspen Regeneration.. Western North American Naturalist. 16(2):61-64.
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2001. Trophic Cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range.. Biological Conservation. 102:227-234.
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2001. Historic aspen recruitment, elk, and wolves in northern Yellowstone National Park, USA.. Biological Conservation. 95:361-370.
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2000.